Learning to Be Color Brave
Grace and Victoria Reznikov, seniors at Lawrence High School in Lawrenceville, N.J., U.S., were excited a few years back when a Starbucks store with a drive-through window opened in their town. Picking up their favorite Caramel Macchiatos became that much more convenient.
Fast-forward a few years and that Starbucks service is still convenient, but the controversy regarding race that has emerged around the well-known coffee retailer is far less easy to grasp.
Anti-bias Training
This latest widespread conversation on race – which refers to a person’s physical characteristics, such as skin color and hair — began with an incident. On April 12, 2018, two African-American men – Rashon Nelson and Donte Robinson, both 23 – were handcuffed and escorted out of a downtown Philadelphia Starbucks after a white manager called the police on them for hanging around without ordering anything. The video went viral on YouTube, an uproar over what many saw as racial profiling ensued, and Starbucks CEO Kevin Johnson condemned the actions of the Philadelphia store manager and apologized. Nelson and Robinson have since reached a legal settlement with Starbucks.
The unfolding of the Starbucks story opened the dialogue and discussion around the charged issue of racial bias, which is when you prejudge someone based on their race. Starbucks went so far as to close 8,000 of its stores last week to deliver anti-bias training to 175,000 employees. The training, wrote the New York Times, was “part social justice crash course and part self-reflection exercise” and was “at the core of a well-choreographed effort by Starbucks to improve its corporate image after a backlash over the arrests.”
While the Reznikov twins may not have been able to buy Caramel Macchiatos during the May 29 Starbucks shutdown, they did take a moment to reflect on why a company would sacrifice millions of dollars in coffee sales to address racial issues with its employees. “Coming from a culturally diverse high school, I think the Starbucks training is great,” said Victoria. “A lot of people lack social awareness and how their actions could offend someone.” Still, both sisters agreed that it is “really sad” that we have to be reminded in this day and age to be culturally aware.
Sad, but true. Actions like those of the Starbucks manager in Philadelphia often stem from what is known as unconscious bias. While many people believe in concepts like equal rights and the fair treatment of people, regardless of race, they are sometimes guided by deeper beliefs that they may not even know they have. It is those beliefs that can shape our personal and professional relations and interactions in terms of how we interpret other people’s actions, who we spend time with, how we engage within teams, and even who gets considered for certain career opportunities.
In order for people and organizations to function effectively, people need to be able to work well together. However, our biases can get in the way, notes Stephanie Creary, a Wharton assistant professor of management who researches identity and diversity. “Bias refers to prejudice in favor of or against a person or a group in a way that can be perceived as unfair. Bias shows up not only in our attitudes but also in our actions and the ways that we treat other people,” Creary explains. “Conscious or explicit bias means that someone is aware of their biases and purposefully engages in biased behavior in favor of or against a person or a group. Unconscious or implicit bias means that someone is not so aware of their biases and may engage in biased behavior in favor of or against a person or a group without really knowing it.”
Everyone has unconscious biases that may be contradictory to what you consciously believe to be true, adds Haley Pilgrim, a sociology PhD student at the University of Pennsylvania who teaches at Penn’s summer Social Justice Research Academy for high school students.
“Because we live in a society that is consistently sending us implicit messages about different groups of people, these social stereotypes get ingrained within us,” notes Pilgrim, who attended MSNBC’s “Everyday Racism in America” event hosted in Philadelphia last week on the same day as the Starbucks training. “If you exist in a society historically structured to keep black people in a lower status, see the government pass policies with the implicit or explicit framing that black people are lazy, see media portrayals from news to films of black people as poor or criminal, have history courses that do not educate you on the effects of the legacy of slavery and Jim Crow [state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern U.S.], it will take active and intentional work to overcome your unconscious bias. It is walking down the street and seeing black people out to eat, thinking, “Why aren’t they at work?” and seeing a white pair, and not having that thought or thinking, “I bet they are doing business over drinks.” So in the work place, you may see two men producing the same quality of work and see one as lazy and not cut out for the job because they are black, and create a convenient explanation for why the white man isn’t performing well, because you subconsciously expect them to do better.”
Pilgrim adds that it is especially important to understand the role of unconscious bias when you occupy a place of privilege. “Part of your success may be a result of positive bias towards your group,” she notes. “You may have worked really hard, but what set you apart from your peer could have been unconscious bias from your supervisor. Acknowledging that your success results not only from working hard, but is also a part of your privilege, is how you can be an ally to the struggles of marginalized groups.”
‘We Cannot Afford to Be Color Blind’
This begins to tease out one of Starbucks’s key motivations for spending millions on company-wide anti-bias training, for which the company partnered with Perception Institute, an anti-bias research and advisory group. With input from sociologists and other experts, they developed a four-hour program to help employees understand, in part, what it means to be color brave as opposed to color blind. Often, that starts with getting in touch with how you view the world. “Understanding our own perceptions can help us to build more positive workplace relationships that will support not only our own growth and development, but that of our organizations as well,” says Creary.
Becoming more color brave is essential to recognizing your biases and overcoming them – and embracing diversity, which is an important success skill for the 21st century economy, whether you are employees, managers or top CEOs. Mellody Hobson Lucas, president of Ariel Investments and rock star to many for her grace, hard work and intellect (and wife of George Lucas, the guy who created Star Wars), delivered a 2014 TED Talk entitled “Color Blind or Color Brave?” (see Related Links). In it, she said, “If we truly believe in equal rights and equal opportunity in America, I think we have to have real conversations about this issue. We cannot afford to be color blind. We have to be color brave. We have to be willing, as teachers and parents and entrepreneurs and scientists, we have to be willing to have proactive conversations about race with honesty and understanding and courage, not because it’s the right thing to do, but because it’s the smart thing to do, because our businesses and our products and our science, our research, all of that will be better with greater diversity.”
To be color brave, says Pilgrim, is to acknowledge that “people of different races have disparate daily experiences, stressors and life opportunities because of how our society has been historically and is currently structured. Color blindness ignores the institutionalized nature of racism and the daily reality of racism in every facet from housing to medical care to interactions on the train. This is important because understanding the experiences of marginalized people helps you be a better ally to their struggle.” This was a consistent theme during the MSNBC town hall that Pilgrim attended – standing up against racism and learning how you can be an ally to the movement.
Embracing diversity and inclusion in life and in work not only makes you feel better about yourself, it also leads to greater group creativity and improved organizational innovation. Differing perspectives often enrich outcomes. In order to become more color brave and build your diversity skills, you need to be willing to surround yourself with people who don’t look or think like you. “Step outside of your comfort zone and get to know people who are different from you in some way,” advises Creary. “Let them know that you are interested in learning more about them. Know that some people prefer to share little personal information, while others prefer to share a lot. Often, people who share little information are afraid of being judged – so don’t push too hard if they do not disclose a lot about themselves. As you get to know each other better, perhaps by talking about similar interests, it may be easier to talk about where you differ. Practice “listening to understand” rather than listening to judge or to offer a counter perspective.”
Mellody Hobson Lucas offers a similar path toward color bravery: “Observe your environment, at work, at school, at home. I’m asking you to look at the people around you purposefully and intentionally. Invite people into your life who don’t look like you, don’t think like you, don’t act like you, don’t come from where you come from, and you might find that they will challenge your assumptions and make you grow as a person.”
Related Links
- New York Times: Starbucks CEO Apologizes After Arrest of Two Black Men
- Starbucks’s Tall Order: Tackle Systemic Racism in Four Hours
- Mellody Hobson TED Talk
- Perception Institute
- MSNBC Everyday Racism in America
- Penn Social Justice Research Academy
- Wharton Faculty: Stephanie Creary
Conversation Starters
What is unconscious bias and why is it so important to acknowledge that we all have it? Do you think you have it? Why or why not? What are some of the implicit messages that are ingrained in your way of thinking?
How does this article inspire you to “be the change” that we seek in the world?
Stephanie Creary says you should “Step outside of your comfort zone and get to know people who are different from you in some way,” in order to become more color brave. Follow her advice, as well as that of Mellody Hobson Lucas. Then report back to us on how it went. Tell us your story. What did you learn? Was it hard? Did you gain perspective? Include your story and your takeaways in the comment section of this article.
I think this article nicely portrays a perspective of a multi race world we live in. In America, we sometimes blame the police or all of society when hearing stories like the one at Starbucks. However, instead of just talking about the problem, we should start working on a solution, which is anti-bias training. Through anti-bias training, society comes face to face with an actual problem we all have: intrinsic bias, but instead of moving past it, anti-bias training addresses and changes it. I like Mellody Lucas’s words because they ring true for all of us. Its through our differences, and understanding our flaws that we can grow together.
It was fascinating to see new concepts and ideologies arise in response to a crisis. Personally, I found the idea of inclusion to be interesting, along with the notion that “we cannot afford to be color blind”. We need to take action and do more. In today’s day and age, businesses and corporations need to accommodate to a variety of audiences. In the era of globalization and international trade, for a business to thrive, it is essential that it target consumers from various cultures and backgrounds. But in order to have diversity in the consumers, we must first have diversity in the workplace. And how do we accomplish that diversity? How do we make sure that each individual, unique voice is heard within businesses and corporations? These questions pushed me to delve deeper and further explore the issue of inclusion in the workplace.
One way we can properly take action on this issue is to utilize Employee Resource Groups, or ERGs. ERGs are small networking groups within companies that provide platforms for employees within a corporation to gather and share ideas pertaining to or in addition to their work units. Also known as affinity groups, these ERGs provide inclusion in the workplace by uniting individuals based on their unique qualities such as country of origin and shared interests. They give different employees a chance to share their ideas that can potentially benefit their corporation as a whole.
If more organizations implement ERGs or similar structures, we together will be working towards a more diverse and more inclusive future.
Both ‘color blind’ and ‘color brave’ seemingly have the identical outcome—coequality between races. However, the passage is tearing up the ugly bubble of ignorance and guiding us into the screaming clear, that being ‘color blind’ is no different to sedating a patient having bone cancer with painkillers instead of providing necessary treatments. Being color brave on the other hand, is not pretending to regard the difference between races as neglectable. It is to fully recognize the fact that people are brought up in diverse cultural backgrounds and are educated under certain historic stereotype, is to realize that implicit bias exists in every one of us, and we should be working to change that.
‘The first step of doing anything is not to hide from it.’ Uncomfortable as it is, people should wake themselves up from the numbness of indifferent attitudes toward races as if we are reaching racial equality, when it is not even slightly true.
I believe the first step of solving anything is to unveil the truth, to look for the core instead of scratching on the surface. Recalling what Phyllis Schlafly proposed in 1972, I’d like to think her opponents would incline to agree with me. As is stated in ‘What’s wrong with equal rights for women’, that the congress shouldn’t bother changing the laws because it was already in women’s favor. But she has neglected a brutal fact that the real issue doesn’t lie in those stone-cold legislations, it is how women actually need a law to, well, guarantee that they still have a budget to live on after divorce. The compulsory alimony is not the sign of equal rights, it is merely a veneer of the fact that women are in a social status much more inferior to men. Similarly, color-blindness is nothing more than a reflection of people’s unwillingness to speak about race, for it being such a touchy subject desperately needed to be solved.
We certainly don’t deal with a lot of people with different skin colors in the country I live in, but I do can tell you one thing or two about how we do/shall treat diversity. Well there’s no better way for you to find out than participating in a national Model United Nations conference. Let’s first try how we do: students carrying huge, tacky baggage and speaking with a thick provincial accent get ‘double-checked through security checks. So how shall we treat diversity? Talking from experience, my answer would be to encourage all to be acceptant, to embrace the difference, to gather the ideas of people raised in different conventions, ‘because it is the smart thing to do’. After all, more perspectives make a more over-all draft resolution.
The balance of diversity and unity has been, and always will be the essence of any formation of civilization. Though the USA doesn’t boast a long history, but it can be regarded as ‘a melting pot of races’. It took one manager to make Starbucks realize the importance of being color brave; it took Melody a few sentences to make me realize the necessity of being color brave, and now I’m looking forward to the day when all people, regardless of their races, can be color brave.
This article does a great job of showing how Starbucks faced a problem with a set of both good and bad tactics: retraining their entire staff but paying off two guys who were hand-cuffed. While the United States says that we have made a lot of social progress, which is true, we still have a long way to go.
I have my personal experiences with unconscious bias. My parents owned a business downtown from where I lived. In this area, the neighborhoods mostly housed Black or Hispanic/Latino people. So, most of our customers were from these groups. A lot of these people had their problems, but something I had gone through when being there was gun violence. It was not every day, but it was often enough for me to start creating unconscious stereotypes or biases. However, I immediately realized how wrong it is to group together people and put them all under a category. Every person is different, no matter what race or ethnicity they are. I began to see people for who they are: their personality, ideas, and outlook on life. I find that this is a big piece of learning to be color brave. Positive and negative biases both affect the way one believes. Stereotypes are the same way. However, discrimination is negative, and it is the result of one acting on their negative bias. Being color brave requires not having negative biases or stereotypes in mind and not discriminating.
It is inspiring to see that Starbucks has started anti-bias training, but it is upsetting to see that it is not common enough. A big “joke” among teenagers is that Chick-fil-A is homophobic. Chick-Fil-A’s LGBT hate is an example of aggressive discrimination. They’ve made donations to anti-LGBT and hate groups and the President of Chick-Fil-A, Dan Cathy, has made angry comments against same-sex marriage. It is not just Chick-Fil-A that discriminates: over half of the states are still allowed to fire people because of their sexuality.
A big idea that Pilgrim talks about in the article is how color blindness comes from a lack of understanding and learning about people of color. This is very much so true, and I think this statement is not emphasized enough.
My public school district is mostly filled with White people, so there is not much room for people to teach students about the history and culture of people of color. This also may come from ignorance or a refusal to teach these kids about it. When kids are young, they are open to all kinds of information. They do not discriminate, which shows that the discrimination that many older kids have is learned. By teaching the young about the history and culture of marginalized groups, we can immediately reduce color blindness. The reduction of color blindness leads to being color brave and accepting towards all groups of people. If we look at the root of the problem, negative bias stems from the nurturing of negative ideas and stereotypes, but if we are taught ideas with as little bias as possible, equality in the workplace can be more easily achieved as we make our own judgments.
Although I put off coffee for a very long time because I knew it was a common addiction, I fell into its traps a little over a year ago. I love Starbucks now, but I don’t get it very often because it is quite expensive. As a coffee lover, I’m always on the internet looking for new variations of coffee to try: vanilla, caramel, matcha, etc. One joke I came upon on the internet was that if you wanted the best coffee drink, it would have to be made by LGBT+ people. When reading this article, I thought about that joke. It is clear that Starbucks’ retraining has mostly paid off ever since the publication of this article. Now, both the employees and customers are accepting of each other: people go into Starbucks looking for the workers with the “they/them” pin on their shirts.
Although unconscious bias is something that can’t be so easily removed, Starbucks’ effort to do so should be praised because ever since the publication of this article, it has come a long way.
Why is subconscious bias inevitable? I’ve been pondering this question for a period of time. Born in a country where everyone is the same color, I was newly introduced to the idea of ethnic groups and racial inclusion when I moved to the United States a few years ago. With multiple races clashing in one country, friction, and discrimination would undeniably occur when people are color blind instead of color brave, neglecting the difference between their lifestyles, work opportunities, and social statuses.
I felt encouraged to confront my racial biases and challenge societal discrimination by reading this article and holding on to its message. It’s often not that easy to understand people with differing backgrounds and differing beliefs. I’ve encountered people who would refer to crime scenes (such as gun shoots and thefts) as their standard when measuring a human being. I would shake my head, feeling sad for their ignorance and prejudice. Being an Asian, a minority, gave me a chance to connect with my fellow Asian peers and discuss the everyday struggle we face. I’ve come to a realization that in order to understand another person truly, one must fully appreciate and acknowledge that person’s, as Haily Pilgrims said, “disparate daily experiences, stressors, and life opportunities.” I took my first step out of my Asian circle in my freshman year. It was intimidating for sure: I didn’t exactly know how to appropriately interact with Asian people aside from Asians, let alone understand their inside jokes. But I was determined: To me, diversity is one of my character pilgrims, and I believe one needs to know people from different backgrounds in order to be truly successful.
“Alliance is what connects our affinity group to the bigger community,” I said while attending the weekly Asia Society Affinity meeting. While the affinity group discusses all the Asian struggles amongst ourselves and tries to figure out a solution, it would not be possible without the understanding and support from our non-Asian alliances. The need to be color brave is substantial: recognizing differences and acknowledging the insecurities their Asian peers feel would greatly improve the inherent inferiority complex resulting from the societal construct.
With alliances, we forge bonds between people of different races, embrace our differences, and empathize with others’ histories. I am inspired by Starbucks’ training because it allows its employees to be more conscious of their customers and be more aware of their interactions with people of different ethnicities.
To “be the change” that we seek in the world is to be brave in uncomfortable conversations and push to embrace differences in order to make meaningful changes rather than simply neglect racial inequalities.